Epidemiological surveillance of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) in France relies primarily on mandatory reporting and the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of strains at the national reference center. It aims to identify outbreaks and describe the annual trends of the disease. Since the implementation of new reporting criteria in 2002, between 700 and 800 cases of IIM have been reported each year in France, representing between 1.2 and 1.6 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. These cases occur primarily sporadically. Serogroup B is predominant (approximately 60% of cases), followed by serogroup C (approximately 30% of cases). Over the years 2003–2008, the case-fatality rate was 11%, 27% in the presence of purpura fulminans versus 5% in its absence (p < 0.03). It also varied with age (13% in children under 1 year of age, 19% in those aged 50 and older) and was higher for IIM C (16%) than for IIM B (9%, p < 0.03). Clusters of cases or increases in the incidence of IIM B or IIM C have led health authorities to implement specific control measures in recent years (expanded chemoprophylaxis or a meningococcal C vaccination campaign). A vaccination campaign against a strain of phenotype B:14:P1.7,16 began in Seine-Maritime in 2006 in 6 cantons in the Dieppe area, then in 3 other cantons in 2009, and in the Somme in early 2009, west of Abbeville. (R.A.)