Since 2020, the surveillance of surgical site infections (SSI) has been part of the Surveillance and Prevention Program for Infection Risk in Surgery and Interventional Medicine (SPICMI), which is led by the CPias Île-de-France as part of the national priority initiatives on healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) coordinated and defined by Santé publique France. Under the Spicmi protocol, two levels of surveillance were proposed to healthcare facilities: surveillance without collection of risk factors (“unit-based”) and surveillance with collection of risk factors (“patient-based”). The results of both surveillance efforts are detailed in the report. Each year between January and June, data regarding the index surgical stay, type of procedure, repeat surgeries, and rehospitalizations are extracted from the Hospital Information System (HIS) and specifically from the Medical Information Systems Program (PMSI) for 18 target procedures. A semi-automated algorithm detects suspected SSI cases by cross-referencing the "reoperation" criterion with "microbiological results" (or antibiotic prescription in urology only). Depending on the level of suspicion, the diagnosis of SSI is subsequently validated by the surgeon and/or a physician from the Operational Hygiene Team (OHT). All included patients must be followed up through the 30th postoperative day (90th postoperative day for cardiac, orthopedic, and breast implant surgery). SIS are defined according to standard criteria (CDC/NHSN, 2023). In addition to data regarding the surgical stay and rehospitalization, patient-based surveillance allows for the retrieval of SIS risk factors for each patient from the HIS (age, ASA score, procedure duration, Altemeier contamination class, emergency/elective procedure, use of video-endoscopy, presence of an implant/prosthesis, multiple procedures) and, if possible, comorbidity data (optional). The incidence rates and incidence density of SSI are calculated based on these factors with their 95% confidence intervals [95% CI]. In 2023, 248 facilities participated in the Spicmi program, of which 45 opted for "patient-based" surveillance. The ISO rate calculated at the national level across all specialties was 1.20% [1.14–1.26]; 43.8% of these infections were deep, and they affected an organ or body cavity in more than a quarter of cases (27.5%). Staphylococcus aureus was involved in nearly a quarter of cases (24.7% of SSI cases), and 11.8% of these cases involved methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA).Among the types of surgical procedures with the highest SSI rates are: prostatectomy (3.96 [2.97–4.94]), coronary artery bypass grafting (3.78 [2.94–4.61]), hip prosthesis revision (3.60 [2.84–4.35]), and colorectal surgery (3.10 [2.67–3.53]).