As part of the 2015 National Program for the Prevention of Healthcare-Associated Infections (Propias), this first national survey on the prevalence of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and antibiotic treatments (ATBs) in long-term care facilities was conducted by the CClin-Arlin network as part of the National Network for Infection Alert, Investigation, and Surveillance (Raisin) in partnership with Santé publique France. The objectives are to: 1) describe and measure the prevalence, on a given day, of HAIs and ATB treatments prescribed to residents; 2) engage all professionals and prescribers in nursing homes; 3) identify priorities for action and follow-up regarding prevention policies and the appropriate use of antibiotics. It was offered to a stratified random sample of 719 nursing homes selected at random from the Finess database (n=7,387 nursing homes). The questionnaire survey covered the structure and organization of nursing homes, residents, exposure to invasive procedures, healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), and antibiotic treatments on a given day between May 16 and June 30, 2016. Data from 367 nursing homes (51% response rate) including 28,277 residents (sex ratio = 0.36; 63.4% >85 years) were analyzed. Exposure to invasive procedures was low: catheters (3.3%), mostly subcutaneous; urinary catheterization (1.7%); surgical procedures within the past 30 days (0.9%). The national prevalence of infected residents is estimated at 2.93% (95% CI [2.57–3.29]), and that of residents treated with antibiotics is estimated at 2.76% [2.46–3.07]. The prevalence of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) is 3.04% [2.65–3.42], with the majority being urinary tract infections (UTIs) (36.9%), lower respiratory tract infections (24.0%), and skin and soft tissue infections (20.4%). Among URIs confirmed by urine culture (68.8%), E. coli, P. mirabilis, and K. pneumoniae are the most common pathogens. Regarding antibiotic treatments, oral administration is the most common route (85.1%). Prophylactic treatments are common (13.7%), particularly for urinary tract infections. As of the survey date, the duration of curative treatments exceeded 7 days in 34.4% of cases, and systematic reevaluation within 3 days was performed in only 31.4% of cases. This first prevalence survey provided national baseline data and is useful for identifying avenues for improvement. The prevalence of infected residents is low compared to previous French (HALT) or international surveys. Repeating this national survey every 5 years will allow for long-term monitoring of these indicators.