Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), identified in September 2012, causes respiratory infections that can progress to acute respiratory distress. Two modes of transmission to humans have been described to date: zoonotic transmission from camelids and human-to-human transmission. As of July 2016, the World Health Organization had recorded 1,791 cases of MERS-CoV respiratory infection, including 640 deaths (36%). The epicenter of the outbreak remains on the Arabian Peninsula, primarily in Saudi Arabia. In France, since October 2012, Santé publique France has received 1,410 reports of suspected cases and, in collaboration with the relevant Regional Health Agency and a clinician, has validated the classification of 433 of them as "possible cases." These cases were tested, and only 2 were confirmed in May 2013. Most (91% in 2015) of the suspected cases were ruled out based on clinical criteria that did not match those of the case definition. Nearly half of the reports were recorded during the period following the return from the major pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj). More than half of the suspected cases were reported in three regions: Île-de-France (41%), Rhône-Alpes (12%), and Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (9%). Since MERS-CoV is no longer considered an emerging disease, its surveillance is shifting toward a more conventional surveillance system in which only possible cases will be reported.