Infection with the hepatitis delta virus (HDV), a satellite virus of the hepatitis B virus (HBV), is considered the most severe form of acute or chronic viral hepatitis. It is responsible for acute fulminant hepatitis or severe chronic hepatitis that can rapidly progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite a lack of data in many HBV-endemic regions of the world, and despite HBV vaccination campaigns conducted in several countries, HDV infection is far from being a disease on the verge of extinction worldwide, with approximately 15 to 20 million infected individuals. Indeed, recent studies conducted in various countries across Europe, the United States, Australia, Africa, the Middle East, and Asia have shown a higher-than-expected prevalence of Delta infection (defined by the rate of anti-HDV antibody carriage among HBV-positive patients) and the existence of regions with high endemicity. The reality of HDV infection in France is poorly understood. The objective of this study is to attempt to assess the current situation based on the analysis of: (1) data from the national study conducted by the French Institute for Public Health Surveillance among patients newly diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B between 2008 and 2010; (2) studies conducted among blood donors by the National Blood Transfusion Institute in collaboration with the National Reference Center (CNR) for Hepatitis B, C, and Delta; (3) various studies conducted by the CNR for Hepatitis Delta; and (4) preliminary results from the Deltavir study, conducted among more than 1,000 patients who presented with active HDV infection and whose viral strains, collected prospectively from 2001 to 2013, are stored in the biobank of the CNR for Hepatitis Delta. This analysis shows a low prevalence of HDV infection in France, with 4% of HBV-positive patients testing positive for anti-HDV antibodies. These patients are primarily from countries with high or moderate endemicity. All these studies provide epidemiological, demographic, clinical, and biological data on Delta infection in France, as well as the virological characteristics of the infecting strains. They highlight the absolute necessity of screening all HBV-infected patients for anti-HDV antibodies, as well as quantifying HDV viral load in positive patients using diagnostic techniques that account for the high genetic diversity of HDV.