Transmission of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) from a healthcare worker who is a carrier of the virus to a patient has been observed and demonstrated on several occasions during surgical procedures. To our knowledge, no study has quantified the number of HCV infections resulting from this mode of transmission in France. The primary objective of this article is to estimate the number of transmissions per year through 2020 for several categories of healthcare workers (surgical specialties, medical specialties, general practitioners, dental surgeons, nurses, and midwives). The second objective is to quantify the number of transmissions prevented per year through 2020 for various screening strategies among healthcare workers, compared to a non-screening strategy. (Introduction)