Copper has numerous industrial and agricultural applications. It is an essential trace element, and there is little data on potential health effects associated with copper exposure. The detection rates in the general population are over 99% in adults and over 97% in children. The geometric means are 12.09 μg/g of creatinine in adults and 12.8 μg/g of creatinine in children, respectively. Research into the determinants of exposure showed that smoking status influenced urinary copper concentrations in adults: smokers have higher levels than nonsmokers. Among children, more frequent consumption of organically grown vegetables is associated with higher urinary copper concentrations. The Esteban study provided the first description of copper exposure among adults and children living in mainland France during 2014–2016. Urinary copper concentrations are similar to those found in studies conducted abroad. These data provide an initial description of copper concentrations in the French population, which will be useful for assessing trends over time in future biomonitoring surveys.