Reducing the incidence of surgical site infections (SSIs) is one of the objectives of the national program to combat nosocomial infections (NI). Since 1999, interregional surveillance of SSIs has been coordinated at the national level by the Network for Alert, Investigation, and Surveillance of Nosocomial Infections (Raisin). Each year for at least 3 months, participating surgical departments document patient characteristics (age, sex, ASA score, Altemeier contamination class, pre- and postoperative hospital stay), procedure characteristics (type and duration, elective or emergency surgery, video-endoscopy), and any SSI. All included patients must be followed up until the 30th postoperative day. SIS are defined according to standard international criteria. In 2008, 1,735 departments recorded 234,005 surgical procedures, more than two-thirds of which were in orthopedics (30.8%), gastrointestinal surgery (21.4%), or obstetrics and gynecology (16.3%). A SSI was identified in 2,719 patients (incidence 1.16%). The incidence varied according to the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) risk index, ranging from 0.69% for low-risk patients (NNIS-0) to 9.57% for the highest-risk patients (NNIS-3). From 2004 to 2008, the overall incidence of SIS decreased by 27%. For abdominal wall hernia repairs, it decreased by 48%, appendectomies by 25%, knee replacements by 58%, hip replacements by 27%, cesarean sections by 37%, peripheral vein surgery by 45%, and urological surgery by 33%. The number of departments with a high incidence rate of ISO dropped sharply during this period. Analysis limited to departments that participated for all five years showed that the decrease in ISO incidence was no longer significant for appendectomies, colon surgeries, peripheral vein surgeries, and urological surgeries. Furthermore, a significant increase in the incidence of ISO was observed for breast surgery. ISO surveillance is now well established in France, and the reduction in their incidence continues. The ISO rate will be one of the indicators used to evaluate the 2009–2013 national program to combat healthcare-associated infections. (R.A.)