Reducing the incidence of surgical site infections (SSIs) is one of the objectives of the national program to combat nosocomial infections (NI). Since 1999, interregional surveillance of SSIs has been coordinated by the Network for Alert, Investigation, and Surveillance of Nosocomial Infections (Raisin). Each year, participating surgical departments collected individual patient data, including components of the NNIS risk index and other perioperative factors. All included patients were followed up through the 30th postoperative day. SSI cases were defined according to standard criteria. In 2007, 1,413 departments reported 215,916 surgical procedures, more than two-thirds of which were in orthopedics (28.9%), gastrointestinal surgery (22.7%), and obstetrics and gynecology (16.4%). A SSI was identified in 2,492 patients (incidence 1.16%). The incidence ranged from 0.80% for low-risk patients (NNIS-0) to 10.93% for the highest-risk patients (NNIS-3). From 2004 to 2007, the incidence of SIS decreased for abdominal wall hernia repairs (-56%), appendectomies (-36%), hip replacements (-48%), laminectomies (-68%), cesarean sections (-31%), peripheral vein surgery (-38%), and prostatectomies (-30%). The distribution of ISO incidence across departments has shifted toward a decrease in the number of departments where incidence rates were highest. ISO surveillance is now well established in France. It serves as one of the tools for managing the National Program to Combat Healthcare-Associated Infections. The reduction in ISO incidence continues. (R.A.)