Surgical site infections (SSIs) are among the healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) targeted by the National Program to Combat HAIs. Since 1999, a national database has aggregated data from interregional surveillance networks as part of the Healthcare-Associated Infection Alert, Investigation, and Surveillance Network (Raisin). Annually, participating surgical departments collected individual patient data, including components of the NNIS risk index and other perioperative factors. All included patients were followed up through the 30th postoperative day. SSI were defined according to standard criteria. From 1999 to 2006, 964,128 surgical procedures were monitored, with more than two-thirds in orthopedics (32.4%), gastrointestinal surgery (21.1%), and obstetrics and gynecology (12.2%); 14,845 SIS (incidence: 1.54%) were identified, 43% of which were deep-site infections. The incidence ranged from 0.85% for low-risk patients (NNIS-0) to 12.92% for the highest-risk patients (NNIS-3). It decreased from 2.04% in 1999 to 1.26% in 2006, and from 1.10% to 0.74% for NNIS-0 patients. The incidence in NNIS-0 decreased by more than 50% for abdominal wall hernia repairs (-70%), cholecystectomies (-55%), and appendectomies (-53%). In the cohort of 374 departments that participated from 2004 to 2006, the incidence decreased following hernia repair (-40%) and peripheral vein surgery (-50%). SSI surveillance is now widespread in France. It serves as an important tool for assessing infection risk in surgical patients. Analysis of temporal trends indicates a decrease in SSI incidence following the most common procedures in patients with low infection risk. (R.A.)