This report describes accidents involving children in the final year of preschool (GSM), most of whom are 6 years old, based on a school-based survey conducted in 2005–2006. This survey is part of a series of school-based surveys conducted by the ministries responsible for National Education and Health, and the French Institute for Public Health Surveillance (InVS), with the aim of obtaining regular information on the health status of children at the national level. Incidence rates of accidents were calculated, the circumstances of accidents and their consequences were described, and risk factors were identified. Among the 22,000 children surveyed, 4% had been involved in an accident during the previous three months: 4.3% of boys and 2.8% of girls. Most of these accidents, 96%, were accidents of daily life; 4% were traffic accidents. Accidents in daily life occurred primarily at home (38%); these were mostly falls (68%); the head was involved in 58% of cases; and the injuries were predominantly lacerations (52%) and fractures (23%). Two-thirds of those injured sought emergency care, and 5% were hospitalized. The children most frequently involved in accidents were those from large families, who often played outdoors, watched less television, were male, or whose mothers were not manual laborers. Complementing previous surveys conducted among fifth-grade and ninth-grade students, these results provide a better understanding of the circumstances and specific characteristics of accidents occurring in this age group. Trends can be assessed using the 2012–2013 survey, which was also conducted among kindergarteners in their final year. (R.A.)