Insufficient sleep duration (less than 6 hours) has been found to be associated with numerous somatic and psychological comorbidities, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and depression. Among the determinants of this reduction in sleep duration, occupational factors appear to be the primary contributors, particularly shift work and night work. The aim of our study was to investigate the occupational determinants and the consequences of insufficient sleep on accident risk. Method - A cross-sectional survey was conducted by telephone among a representative sample of 1,004 young adults aged 25 to 45. Total sleep time per 24 hours, including naps, on workdays and rest days was assessed using validated sleep diaries. Job type, work schedules, and history of work-related and commuting accidents were reported via a dedicated questionnaire. Results - The prevalence of insufficient sleep duration was 18%. Among short sleepers, 45% had a sleep debt (i.e., a difference of more than 90 minutes between sleep duration on workdays and sleep duration on rest days). Short sleepers are significantly more likely to be male, manual laborers, work shift or night schedules, and work more than 10 hours per day. Sleeping less than 6 hours is significantly associated with a higher risk of falling asleep at the wheel and falling asleep at work, but not with accidents related to falling asleep. Having a sleep debt, on the other hand, exposes individuals to a higher risk of accidents caused by falling asleep at work. Conclusion - Insufficient sleep is highly prevalent among young adults. Work schedules and night work are significant determinants of reduced sleep duration and sleep debt. The consequences include falling asleep at work and an increased risk of accidents. [Author’s abstract]