The quantitative health risk assessment approach uses four standardized steps to organize available knowledge, identify gaps, and, where possible, estimate the risks faced by exposed populations. These four steps are: i) hazard identification; ii) selection of dose-response relationships; iii) exposure estimation; and finally iv) risk characterization. The development of this method has now resulted in the publication of extensive works compiling the experience gained by the scientific community. Given the advances in knowledge in the field of toxicology—both in the identification of effects and in the study of the mechanisms of toxic action of substances—and through the analysis of the consistency of data obtained from animal experiments and epidemiological studies, this article proposes structuring the hazard identification stage so that it fully informs the selection of toxicological reference values (TRVs) and the interpretation of risk assessment results. The few examples presented clearly illustrate the importance of this consistency analysis and highlight the value of considering the entire dose-response relationship rather than just the “critical effect” taken into account in the derivation of the TRV; this will strengthen the interpretation in terms of public health.