Introduction - Epidemiological surveillance of drug use among adolescents and young adults is a priority for public authorities. This report summarizes the most recent findings published for France based on representative surveys of the adolescent and young adult population, as well as the main trends observed in recent years. Method - Two school-based surveys of 11-, 13-, and 15-year-olds, a survey of 17-year-olds, and another conducted among the general population—the data from which pertain here to 18- to 25-year-olds—were utilized. Results - The prevalence of psychoactive substance use during adolescence is rising rapidly, with variations depending on the substance. Since 2000, smoking has declined significantly, and alcohol consumption has decreased among 18- to 25-year-olds. Among 17-year-olds, however, alcohol use has remained stable, and instances of drunkenness appear to have increased between 2003 and 2005. The rise in cannabis experimentation and episodic use ceased during the 2000s. At age 17, the proportion of regular users remained stable. Finally, while ecstasy and cocaine have become more widespread in the population, levels of experimentation with them remain low, and those for other substances appear stable. [author’s summary]