Objectives: Using data from the Épifane study on infant feeding during the first year of life, this report presents breastfeeding rates at the maternity ward and at 1 month of age, and describes how these rates change according to maternal characteristics. Methods: The study includes a random sample of infants born between January 16 and April 5, 2012, in 136 maternity wards selected at random across mainland France. Data on infant feeding were collected at the maternity ward via a self-administered questionnaire and at 1 month via telephone interview. Results: More than two-thirds of infants (69%) received breast milk at the maternity ward (60% exclusively, 9% in combination with infant formula). By 1 month of age, only half (54%) were still being breastfed, and only 35% exclusively. Breastfeeding rates varied by age, marital status, educational level, place of birth, body mass index, and smoking during pregnancy. Furthermore, participation in childbirth preparation classes, skin-to-skin contact after birth, and a positive perception of breastfeeding by the partner were factors promoting breastfeeding in the maternity ward and at 1 month. Conclusion: Initiatives to promote breastfeeding should focus particularly on the rapid decline in exclusive breastfeeding, which is measurable as early as the first week, and should target young mothers and those with low levels of education. The modifiable factors identified here provide avenues for intervention that warrant evaluation. (R.A.)