Objectives: 1) to estimate the prevalence and frequency of screening for gestational diabetes (GD) in 2012 in France, both in the general population and among women at risk, following the publication in late 2010 of new recommendations for risk-factor-based targeted screening; 2) to describe the management of women with GD during pregnancy and the characteristics of their infants at birth. Methods: The study included 3,353 mother-child pairs from a random sample of children born in 2012 in 136 randomly selected maternity wards in mainland France as part of the Épifane study (Epidemiology in France of the Diet and Nutritional Status of Children During Their First Year of Life). Sociodemographic characteristics, the diagnosis and screening for DG, as well as pre-pregnancy weight and height, were reported by the mother. Midwives recorded the medical history and data related to pregnancy, delivery, and the newborn in the medical records. The analyses were weighted according to the sampling plan and non-response. Results: In mainland France in 2012, according to our study, the prevalence of GDM was 8.0% [7.0–9.0]. 76.1% of women reported having been screened using an oral glucose tolerance test, whereas the proportion of women with at least one of the following three risk factors—age ≥35 years, overweight/obesity, or a history of gestational diabetes—was only 41.8%. Despite the high proportion of women screened, 18.3% of women aged 35 or older, 15.3% of overweight women, 9.8% of obese women, and 2.8% of women with a history of GD reported not having been screened. Among women with GD, 86.5% reported having consulted an endocrinologist or dietitian, 48.8% reported receiving physical activity recommendations, 81.8% reported using a blood glucose meter, and 26.9% were treated with insulin. During pregnancy, women diagnosed with GD had more prenatal visits and were hospitalized more frequently (27.1% vs. 14.0% for the others). Spontaneous delivery was less common and cesarean delivery more common among women with GD than among the others. Newborns of mothers with GD were more often macrosomic (9.4%) than those of mothers who were screened but not diagnosed (7.6%) and those of women who were not screened (5.9%), although this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.15). Conclusions: In 2012, gestational diabetes affected a significant proportion of pregnancies (8%). The screening rate was high (76.1%). Screening practices could nevertheless be improved among women aged 35 and older, those who are overweight or obese, or those with a history of GD.