Craniofacial anomalies
Cleft lip and cleft lip and palate are common facial malformations that arise early in embryonic development. Their prevalence follows a north-south gradient worldwide. Cleft lip is more common than cleft palate. Known risk factors include maternal diabetes, gestational hyperthermia, as well as environmental and genetic factors. These malformations may occur in isolation or in association with other malformations as part of a genetic, chromosomal, or teratogenic syndrome.
Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate
A cleft lip is a failure of the embryonic facial tissue to fuse, resulting in a loss of tissue in the upper lip. A cleft palate is a lack of tissue in the roof of the mouth, resulting in a communication between the nose and the mouth. Most often, cleft lip is unilateral and occurs twice as often on the left side as on the right. The incidence of cleft lip and cleft palate appears to vary among populations. Cleft lip, with or without cleft maxillopalatine, is twice as common in boys as in girls.
Register |
Period |
Births |
Live births |
Stillbirths (excluding IMG) |
IMG |
Total |
Total prevalence/10,000 (95% CI) |
Antilles |
2011–2015 |
47,493 |
15 |
2 |
5 |
22 |
4.6 (2.9–7.0) |
Auvergne |
2011–2015 |
66,381 |
56 |
1 |
12 |
69 |
10.4 (8.1–13.2) |
Brittany |
2011–2015 |
179 180 |
121 |
30 |
151 |
8.4 (7.1–9.9) |
|
Paris |
2011–2015 |
128,915 |
57 |
2 |
24 |
83 |
6.6 (5.3–8.2) |
Reunion |
2011–2015 |
71,756 |
56 |
1 |
14 |
71 |
9.9 (7.7–12.5) |
Rhône-Alpes |
2011–2015 |
292,693 |
218 |
4 |
58 |
280 |
9.6 (8.5–10.8) |
Source: French Registries of Congenital Anomalies, INSEE for births in 2011–2015
For more information: Orphanet (cleft lip and cleft lip and palate)
Cleft palate
A cleft palate is a gap in the roof of the mouth resulting in a connection between the nose and the mouth. The cause of an isolated cleft palate differs from that of an isolated cleft lip. The incidence of cleft palates appears to vary by population. Unlike cleft lips and cleft lip and palate, this condition is twice as common in girls as in boys.
Register |
Period |
Births |
Live births |
Stillbirths (excluding IMG) |
IMG |
Total |
Total prevalence/10,000 (95% CI) |
Antilles |
2011–2015 |
47,493 |
14 |
3 |
17 |
3.6 (2.1–5.7) |
|
Auvergne |
2011–2015 |
66,381 |
42 |
1 |
9 |
52 |
7.8 (5.9–10.3) |
Brittany |
2011–2015 |
179 180 |
103 |
3 |
38 |
144 |
8.0 (6.8–9.5) |
Paris |
2011–2015 |
128,915 |
55 |
18 |
73 |
5.7 (4.4–7.1) |
|
Reunion |
2011–2015 |
71,756 |
41 |
1 |
1 |
43 |
6.0 (4.3–8.1) |
Rhône-Alpes |
2011–2015 |
292,693 |
167 |
1 |
46 |
214 |
7.3 (6.4–8.4) |
Source: French Registries of Congenital Anomalies, INSEE for births in 2011–2015
For more information: Orphanet (cleft palate)
