Dengue, malaria, chikungunya, Zika, Lyme disease, and leishmaniasis are diseases that share the common feature of being transmitted by blood-feeding arthropods (insects or mites) and can have significant health and economic impacts. The epidemiology of these diseases is strongly influenced by climate change and, more broadly, by global changes. Various anthropogenic factors, in addition to global warming, help explain the emergence or re-emergence of some of these diseases. As a result, certain conditions that were previously considered strictly tropical are now emerging in temperate zones. In light of these changes, it is necessary to promote adaptation measures, particularly the implementation of surveillance systems tailored to the transmission cycle of the pathogens in question, in order to implement a responsive public health response that is appropriate and proportionate to the risks.