The number of new cases of breast cancer has been rising in France since the 1980s. After peaking around 2005, the incidence has stabilized, although recent trends remain uncertain. Mortality and survival rates have improved. Breast cancer screening has been recommended for all women aged 50 to 74 since 2004 as part of a national organized screening program designed to ensure equal access to screening throughout the country and equal quality and access to care. Following an increase through 2008, participation in the program appears to have stabilized at around 50%. Cancer screening management structures, organized at the departmental level, contribute to a national database managed by Santé publique France. This database contains 10 years of records of organized screening results. Performance indicators reveal a high-quality program that provides the conditions for reducing breast cancer mortality in France. Indeed, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and an independent group of British experts recently reaffirmed the benefits of such a program in the general population, based on evaluations of several international studies. The next step is to define the appropriate epidemiological tools to assess the impact of the organized screening program in France and to address the methodological challenges, which are compounded by the complexity of the French context.