Advances in the multidisciplinary management of rectal cancer have significantly reduced the risk of local recurrence and improved survival rates. Consequently, the number of long-term survivors is increasing, and many of them develop functional sequelae that impair their quality of life. Digestive sequelae, grouped under the term “anterior resection syndrome,” are assessed using the Low Anterior Resection Syndrome score (LARS score). Nearly two-thirds of patients report sequelae at two years, half of whom experience severe symptoms. Their management relies on an early, multimodal approach. One year after surgery, nearly one-third of patients report urinary dysfunction. Sexual sequelae can affect up to four out of five men (erectile and/or ejaculatory dysfunction) and two-thirds of women. In the future, a better understanding of these functional sequelae, their risk factors, and therapeutic developments that limit sequelae will allow for better preoperative patient education, adaptation of the therapeutic strategy, and, postoperatively, early identification of these sequelae in order to offer appropriate management aimed at limiting the impairment of their quality of life.