The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the burden of cervical cancer (CC) in France and trends in incidence and mortality based on the most recent estimates at the national and subnational levels. In 2018, in metropolitan France, the number of new CCU diagnoses is estimated at 2,920 and the number of deaths from CCU at 1,120. Regional incidence estimates reveal significant geographic heterogeneity. The decline in incidence and mortality observed over several decades continues, but at a slowing pace. Incidence analyses by age and birth cohort indicate that the slowing of the decline in incidence is likely due to increased exposure to high-risk oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HR-HPV), resulting from changes in sexual behavior. The data suggest that the impact of increased HR-HPV transmission on the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer has been offset by the effect of screening, but that this effect is waning and there is a risk of a reversal in trends. Improved HPV vaccination coverage—which has been very low to date (<25%)—combined with an organized screening program based on HPV testing is essential for the elimination of cervical cancer, which has been declared a public health priority by the World Health Organization.