Introduction and Methods. The objective of this article is to estimate the prevalence of alcohol consumption during pregnancy, as reported by women, and to describe the characteristics of women who consume alcohol. The associations between this consumption and the risk of preterm births and low birth weight for gestational age are examined. The data come from the National Perinatal Survey, conducted in 2010 among a representative sample of more than 13,000 women in metropolitan France. Results. Alcohol consumption during pregnancy is reported by 23% of women; consumption of 3 or more drinks on a single occasion is reported by 2% of women. It is more common among women from higher socioeconomic backgrounds, older women, and those with multiple pregnancies. We did not find an increased risk of preterm birth associated with alcohol consumption as reported by the women, although we observed a slightly higher rate of low birth weight among the heaviest drinkers. Conclusion. Education for women of childbearing age regarding the dangers associated with heavy alcohol consumption must be expanded, and healthcare providers should initiate discussions on this issue, particularly with women at highest risk. (R.A.)