Since 2002, a national protocol called BMR-RAISIN has enabled the five C.CLIN centers to generate, through their networks, standardized data on the two types of multidrug-resistant bacteria targeted by the national prevention program: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae). The selected indicators are the incidence rate per 1,000 hospital days (HD) (primary indicator) and, for short-stay patients, the attack rate per 100 hospitalizations (secondary indicator) of MRSA and ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolated from diagnostic specimens. The data generated by the C.CLINs are aggregated at the national level. In 2002, 478 participating healthcare facilities (including 10% university hospitals, 40% public hospitals, 10% public psychiatric hospitals, and 24% private medical-care facilities) took part in the surveillance. These facilities accounted for nearly 170,000 beds, or one-third of the total number of beds in France (36% of public and PSPH beds, 12% of private beds). The incidence rate per 1,000 patient-days was 0.63 for MRSA and 0.13 for EBLSE overall. The incidence rate per 1,000 patient-days for MRSA was fairly consistent across regions (median 0.68, range 0.45–0.81), particularly during the course of the stay (overall value 0.79, median 0.86, range 0.63–0.93) and in intensive care (overall rate 2.52, median 2.38, range 2.01–2.83). The overall incidence rate was 0.38 in SSR-SLD. MRSA cases were distributed (a) by department type as follows: 40% internal medicine, 20% surgery, 10% intensive care, and 24% SSR-SLD; and (b) by specimen type as follows: 7% blood cultures, 8% serous and deep pus, 17% respiratory specimens, and 20% urine. The incidence rate per 1,000 patient-days for EBLSE varied widely across regions (range 0.04–0.21) and was twice as high in short-stay care (0.16) as in SSR-SLD (0.08). Cases of EBLSE were distributed (a) by department as follows: 35% in internal medicine, 17% in surgery, 16% in intensive care, and 26% in SSR-SLD; and (b) by sample type as follows: 5% blood cultures, 5% serous and deep pus, 14% respiratory specimens, and 60% urine. By extrapolation, based on these data and the number of hospital beds in France, the number of MRSA cases isolated from diagnostic specimens can be estimated at approximately 63,000 per year in France in 2002, including 4,500 cases of bacteremia. (R.A)