KEY POINTS Antibiotic Use • 1,573 participating healthcare facilities (HFs) representing 302,684 beds and 81,963,967 full hospital days (HD) in 2022 (78% of HD). • Overall antibiotic consumption: 296 Defined Daily Doses (DDD) per 1,000 HD, with variations depending on the type of facility and clinical sector. • Two antibiotics—amoxicillin and amoxicillin combined with clavulanic acid—account for more than one-third of the DDDs used in participating facilities, with variations depending on the clinical specialty. • Overall antibiotic consumption is higher than in 2021, a year marked by a hospital environment that remained altered (care for COVID-19 patients with fewer severe cases, continued implementation of infection control measures). • Over the 2012–2022 period, across all participants: – consumption of certain antibiotics or classes of antibiotics decreased, notably: fluoroquinolones, glycopeptides, and the amoxicillin/clavulanic acid combination; – the use of other antibiotics increased: piperacillin-tazobactam combination, third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins (3G-4G), carbapenems, linezolid, and daptomycin (antibiotics active against methicillin-resistant staphylococci); – the share of broad-spectrum beta-lactams and certain antibiotics active against methicillin-resistant staphylococci in overall consumption increased over the period. Bacterial resistance • 942 participating facilities collaborating with 602 clinical laboratories covering 51% of hospital days in 2022. • 366,840 Enterobacteriaceae strains, 7.5% of which were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers. • An incidence rate (IR) of 0.54 ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae infections per 1,000 patient-days, with an IR five times higher in intensive care units (2.85). • 1,177 carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) strains isolated, with an ID of 0.023 per 1,000 patient-days. • 62,030 Staphylococcus aureus strains, 12.0% of which were methicillin-resistant. • An overall incidence rate of 0.14 MRSA infections per 1,000 hospital days, with an incidence rate nearly four times higher in intensive care (0.54). • 50% of Staphylococcus aureus strains in patients hospitalized in long-term care were MRSA. • Over the 2019–2022 period, the MRSA incidence rate has been declining. For EBLSE, with the exception of 2020—which was marked by the health crisis—a general trend toward stabilization of incidence rates is observed. The incidence rate of EPC has been higher each year.