Following more than two years of discussions within Santé publique France on ethical issues in public health, the agency organized an inaugural seminar on November 28, 2023, to lay the groundwork for establishing an ethical framework for carrying out its missions aimed at protecting and improving the health of the population. This event marks a milestone in a process that began some ten years ago with the Ethics and Professional Conduct Committee (CED), including the organization of awareness-raising initiatives, internal consultations in 2017 and 2018, a discussion session during the Santé publique France Meetings in 2019, and the publication of the issue “Ethics, Prevention, and Health Promotion” of the journal Santé en action in 2020 (Bungener et al., 2020). This seminar is a milestone, not an end in itself. The collective reflections and questions that emerge from it will serve as the starting point for more concrete work to establish a pragmatic and deliberative ethical approach within Santé publique France. The support and guidance of the CED, chaired by Grégory Aiguier, were essential for the realization of this project as well as for the development of ethical guidelines for the analysis of projects at Santé publique France, guidelines that were presented during this event. This seminar, designed with a reflective approach, was structured around three preparatory thematic workshops held between November 2022 and June 2023. Accompanying these workshops, two consultations involving qualitative interviews—one internal and the other external, with professionals and experts in public health or ethics—were conducted; the results are presented here by the researchers themselves. Discussions at the “Ethics in Public Health” seminar drew on this rich material to identify lessons learned and outline future directions. This project, primarily intended for internal use, is an opportunity to engage our partners (the Directorate General for Health, other agencies in France or abroad, etc.) around public health ethics and the implementation of this approach within a national public health agency. This project also serves as an opportunity to publicize this work and place it in a broader context beyond Santé publique France. This booklet is a summary of the sessions and roundtables that made up the day: 1) The specific characteristics and challenges posed by ethical issues in public health 2) Lessons learned from the workshops and consultations conducted as part of the reflective seminar on ethics in public health 3) How should ethics be implemented within a public health organization? 4) Guidelines for ethical analysis at Santé publique France: an illustration of the pragmatic approach to ethics