The individual and societal stakes involved in assessing the real-world impact of cancer screening are considerable. Among the various data sources available for this assessment, cancer registries are the only structures that possess unbiased knowledge of the incidence, prognosis, and key epidemiological characteristics of cancers in the general population and have been tracking trends for several decades. In Europe, the use of data from cancer registries is promoted by the European Commission, which funds several projects and organizations specifically dedicated to this evaluation. In France, evaluations based on registry data have for years supported the implementation of various organized screening programs and have helped guide public policy decisions, particularly regarding colorectal and breast cancer. In all countries, the analysis of registry data is particularly informative when these data are combined with those from screening management systems through individual-level matching. The regulatory framework planned for the new screening organization in France will restrict communication between the CRCDC and cancer registries and limit the quality of the evaluation of the screening program and its impact on trends in cancer incidence and their epidemiological characteristics. At the national level, in an ideal scenario where data access and cross-referencing are possible while respecting individual rights, analysis of registry data would nevertheless enable us to address the many challenges facing existing and future screening programs, such as lung cancer screening.