In France, the management of confirmed and suspected cases of viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) is based on a report by the High Committee for Public Health (HCSPF). This 2001 report provided for a reassessment of the recommendations in light of the experience gained from the first imported case of VHF. The first case of VHF was imported into France in November 2004. The initial lack of a diagnosis meant that management was carried out in strict compliance with standard precautions, but without any additional precautions. No clinically detected secondary cases occurred. Data accumulated over the past few years indicate that FHV viruses are transmissible through blood but do not suggest airborne transmission. The task now is to define necessary and sufficient procedures that are practical and realistic to assist healthcare teams in their work while ensuring an optimal level of protection for them. (R.A.)