Key Points

• Typhoid fever, an endemic disease in Mayotte, a department facing particularly precarious living conditions (4 out of 10 homes are makeshift structures made of sheet metal, wood, or plant materials, with limited access to running water and an inadequate sanitation system)

• Since 2016, cases of typhoid fever have been regularly reported on the island, either as isolated cases or in clusters

• Between 2016 and 2020, the annual incidence rate ranged from 14 cases per 100,000 inhabitants (lowest recorded in 2017) to 20 cases per 100,000 inhabitants (highest recorded in 2019), corresponding to 35 and 54 cases of typhoid fever, respectively

• As of August 23, 9 cases reported to the VSS, including one death