The Interministerial Mission for the Fight Against Drugs and Addictive Behaviors and the Directorate General for Health commissioned the National Institute of Health and Medical Research to conduct a collective review updating the scientific knowledge on alcohol, its health effects, the levels and patterns of use associated with its consumption in France, as well as effective prevention and support strategies. This work is based primarily on data from the scientific literature available at the end of the first half of 2020. Drawing on a critical analysis of more than 3,600 documents by 12 experts, this review led to recommendations for action and research aimed at strengthening prevention efforts among the general population. This article presents some of the key recommendations from this collaborative study published in 2021. Since all alcohol consumption is harmful to health, it is necessary to limit access to it and reduce its appeal. One way to achieve this is to reinstate the Évin Law as originally drafted and then strengthen it. Prevention involves several priority areas: providing information on the risks associated with alcohol consumption, launching campaigns encouraging alcohol-free periods such as “alcohol-free months,” and strengthening protective factors before the age of first consumption. These factors are collective, such as regulating the number and density of retail outlets or reducing sales hours; but they are also individual (strengthening psychosocial skills, etc.) and family-based (support for parenting, etc.). Furthermore, primary care health professionals should receive more training in screening strategies and various effective intervention methods. In general, it is essential to increase resources for research, education, and prevention regarding alcohol, and to implement a genuine policy to reduce risks and harm by reducing consumption.