Background. Since 2008, the incidence of measles in the Rhône-Alpes region has been high (98 cases per 100,000), accounting for nearly 30% of cases in France. We compared measles vaccination coverage (VC) among seventh- and tenth-grade students in public and private middle and high schools within the Grenoble school district. Method. In 2010–2011, an anonymous cross-sectional survey in private schools under contract supplemented the VC data collected by nurses in public schools. Results. Participation among the 533 schools was 69.6%, representing 57,463 students out of 77,850 enrolled. Among these students, 86.1% provided their vaccination records. Students in public schools participated more than those in private schools, and sixth-grade students more than those in tenth grade. Within the school district, the two-dose vaccination coverage among participating students was 84.8%, lower in Ardèche (middle schools: public 91.1% and private 56.2%; high schools: 85.8% and 43.5%, respectively) and Drôme. In total, 5.2% of students were unvaccinated. The lower the student participation rate, the higher the vaccination coverage within a school. Conclusion. Assuming that non-participants in the study were less well vaccinated than participants, vaccination coverage remains insufficient in secondary schools, and even more so in the private sector than in the public sector. Targeted public health measures must be implemented, particularly in critical areas. (R.A.)