Following an analysis conducted by the French Institute for Public Health Surveillance (InVs) in 2001 regarding the epidemiological relevance of France’s BCG vaccination policy, working groups within the French High Council for Public Health (CSHPF) recommended in 2002 the elimination of routine revaccination and tuberculin testing in children, as well as the elimination of revaccination for exposed healthcare professionals. These recommendations were adopted by the CSHPF and endorsed by the Ministry of Health. A new decree and a new order, repealing the 1996 regulations accordingly, were published in July 2004. Thus, today the BCG vaccination policy for children is limited to the primary vaccination, which remains mandatory upon entry into group settings and therefore, at the latest by age 6, due to the requirement for school enrollment at that age. BCG vaccination is also still recommended starting in the first month of life for children living in high-risk environments. The InVS analysis concluded that the current epidemiology of tuberculosis, which is close to the threshold values proposed by the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, corresponds to a situation in which it is permissible to consider reevaluating the routine vaccination of children. The Directorate General of Health therefore requested the National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), through the collective expert review procedure, to conduct a review of the current state of knowledge regarding tuberculosis and strategies to combat the disease, as well as to assess, from an epidemiological perspective, the consequences of potentially reconsidering the widespread vaccination of children. In this context, the InVS assessed the epidemiological impact of various possible scenarios for scaling back the BCG vaccination policy. (R.A.)