Immigrants, particularly those who have recently arrived in the country, are a group at particularly high risk for tuberculosis. Nearly half of the tuberculosis cases reported in France in 2006 were among people born abroad. The incidence among individuals born abroad was approximately seven times higher than the incidence among those born in France (38.9/105 vs. 5.2/105). The incidence was also higher in departments with concentrated populations of socioeconomicly vulnerable individuals, such as Île-de-France. The characteristics of tuberculosis cases differed according to place of birth. Thus, cases born abroad were less likely to have pulmonary tuberculosis (68.2% vs. 78.2%; p < 0.001), were more likely to reside in group settings, and were more likely to be carriers of multidrug-resistant strains. A national tuberculosis control plan was implemented in 2007, one of whose objectives will be to reduce the persistent epidemiological disparities. (R.A.)