Background - Vaping remains controversial in France, as its risk-benefit ratio is still poorly understood, as noted by the French High Council for Public Health in its latest opinion published in 2022. Its effectiveness in helping people quit smoking has not been demonstrated, and its impact on young people who are just starting to smoke is in question. The objective of this study is to assess changes in the prevalence of vaping among adults in France. Method - Data come from the 2021 Health Barometer of the national public health agency, Santé publique France, a telephone survey using random sampling conducted between February and December among 24,514 adults aged 18–85 living in metropolitan France. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used. Results - In 2021, 38.7% of French people aged 18 to 75 reported having tried e-cigarettes. Current use of an e-cigarette at the time of the survey was reported by 6.7% of those aged 18–75. The prevalence of daily vaping was 5.0%, a proportion that has been rising steadily since 2014 (3.0%, the first year of prevalence measurement in France). Almost all daily vapers between the ages of 18 and 75 had, in 2021 as in 2017, experience with tobacco smoking: 41.2% smoked tobacco every day, 14.3% occasionally, 43.7% were former smokers, and less than 1% had never smoked. The socio-demographic characteristics associated with vaping and their evolution will be analyzed: sex, age, income, educational attainment, and employment status. Finally, the perception of the e-cigarette as an aid to quitting smoking among ex-smokers, vapers, or former vapers will be described. Conclusion - The prevalence of daily vaping among adults has been increasing in France since its arrival on the market. Almost all adult daily vapers had experience with tobacco smoking. These results are useful for measuring the spread of vaping, as well as its link to tobacco smoking.