In 2008, a section on sleep was included in the Health and Social Protection Survey (ESPS). Data were collected via a self-administered questionnaire from 12,636 residents in mainland France aged 16 and older. The results confirm the prevalence of sleep disorders in France: one in five people (19.0%) reported symptoms of chronic insomnia accompanied by daytime disturbances (fatigue or excessive sleepiness) (ICPD). The prevalence was higher among women than among men (22.2% vs. 15.4%). It increased with age up to the 45–54 age group (23.6%), then decreased slightly. Indeed, after age 55, sleep disturbances were frequently reported without daytime impairment. The frequency of daytime impairment was highest between ages 25 and 55. Multivariate analysis revealed an increased frequency of ICPD among shift workers and among those in the most socially vulnerable groups. The prevalence of ICPD was significantly lower among single individuals (13.5%) than among those in a relationship (20.0%), divorced, separated, or widowed (24.6%). Only 7.3% of individuals with ICPD reported no comorbidities. ICPD was independently associated with numerous chronic conditions; the prevalence of ICPD increased with the number of somatic conditions and the severity of associated symptoms (pain, mental health score). Despite this high morbidity, less than one-third (27.5%) of individuals with ICPD had previously sought medical care for their sleep problems. One in five people with ICPD (22.2%), and one in two over the age of 75 (48.5%), reported regularly taking sleep medications. These were benzodiazepines or related drugs in 82% of cases, although long-term use of these medications is not recommended. These results indicate that the management of chronic insomnia in France remains inadequate. (R.A.)