Introduction - The objective of this study is to describe childhood lead poisoning screening activities in France and how they have evolved since 1995. Methods - We used data from the National Surveillance System for Lead Levels in Children (SNSPE), reports submitted to the Departmental Directorates of Health and Social Affairs (DDASS) regarding cases of lead poisoning (blood lead levels of 100 μg/L or higher) in minors, and all available documentation on screening initiatives throughout France. Results - Approximately 9,000 children underwent their first blood lead level test in 2005, three times more than in 1995. There remains significant geographic variation, with the Île-de-France region accounting for nearly two-thirds of children screened for the first time during the 2003–2004 period. The proportion of lead poisoning cases among children undergoing initial screening fell from 24% in 1995 to 4.7% in 2005. Cases were primarily identified based on housing-related risk factors. Discussion-Conclusion - The decrease in the proportion of lead poisoning cases among children identified through initial screening is likely related to a probable decline in the prevalence of lead poisoning in the French population, but the gradual expansion of screening to less-exposed populations may also have played a role. However, the annual detection of approximately 500 cases of lead poisoning indicates that situations of excessive lead exposure among children still exist in France, which must be identified in order to improve living conditions. Care must be taken to ensure that the measures implemented effectively reach the most exposed children, who are often living in poverty or precarious circumstances. (R.A.)