The 2016 Health Barometer survey provides an update on changes in sexual behavior since the 2006 survey on the Context of Sexuality in France (CSF). It was conducted by telephone among a representative sample of the population aged 15 to 75 living in metropolitan France and speaking French. The results show that sexuality in 2016 remains deeply shaped by gender relations, even though significant changes have emerged over the past decade. They reveal a notable disconnect between certain media narratives and social reality as captured in a scientific survey, whether it concerns alarmist claims about young people becoming sexually active at an increasingly early age or assertions that gender inequalities in the realm of sexuality have come to an end. They underscore the need to implement sex education that incorporates the distinctly gendered dimension of sexuality and specifically addresses consent and various forms of violence.