The promotion of measles vaccination for infants, introduced in 1983, was accompanied by a sharp decline in the incidence of measles, which has been monitored by the Sentinelles network since 1985. As the disease has become rare, mandatory reporting (MR) of measles was reintroduced in July 2005 as part of the national plan to eliminate measles and congenital rubella. It is also required to seek laboratory confirmation for every clinically suspected case. Data collected over the first 24 months of mandatory reporting identified and described 86 cases of measles, 39 of which were biologically confirmed (45%). Thirteen cases were classified as imported cases and four as linked to an imported case. An imported viral genotype was detected in six cases. Among the 86 cases, 33 (38%) were aged 10 years or older, the age at which 85% of reported cases are confirmed. Twenty-seven patients (33%) were hospitalized, including seven with complications. Among the 34 confirmed cases for which vaccination status was known, one (3%) had received two doses of the measles vaccine and nine (26%) had received one dose. Among the unvaccinated, 64% of the cases were preventable through adherence to current vaccination recommendations. The incidence of measles in France is likely underestimated, and the data collected after 24 months of the DO do not allow for a conclusion regarding its elimination. Vaccination with two doses of the MMR vaccine before the age of two and catch-up vaccination for children, adolescents, and young adults must be strengthened because, given the vaccination coverage rates achieved by age two (87% nationally), there remains a risk of outbreaks in areas with low vaccination coverage.