The promotion of measles vaccination for infants, introduced in 1983, was accompanied by a sharp decline in the incidence of measles, which has been monitored by the Sentinelles network since 1985. As the disease has become rare, mandatory reporting (MR) of measles was reintroduced in July 2005 as part of the National Plan for the Elimination of the Disease. While incidence rates in 2006 and 2007 were below 0.10 per 100,000 inhabitants, cases reported in France in 2008 indicated a resurgence of measles, which has been more pronounced since October, with an incidence of 0.96 per 100,000. Of the 604 cases reported in 2008, 305 were biologically confirmed (50%), 58 were epidemiologically confirmed (10%), and 241 met the clinical case definition (40%). The median age of cases was 11.5 years (range: 3 months–56 years). Sixty-six departments reported at least one case, and in five departments (Vendée, Allier, Deux-Sèvres, Savoie, and Haute-Savoie), the incidence rate of reported cases exceeded 5 per 100,000. Analysis of cases by vaccination status and age showed that 94% of them, who were eligible for vaccination in 2008 according to the recommendations of the vaccination schedule, were incompletely or unvaccinated. The data from the DO underestimate the actual situation, and the epidemic continues into 2009. In France, there are communities of children and adolescents who are inadequately vaccinated, creating conditions conducive to the emergence of epidemic outbreaks. These population subgroups represent an obstacle to the elimination of measles in France by 2010, a goal shared with other WHO-Europe Member States. Vaccination efforts before the age of 2 with two doses of the combined measles-rubella-mumps vaccine, as well as catch-up vaccination for children, adolescents, and young adults, must be strengthened to achieve the immunity levels necessary to stop the spread of the virus. (R.A.)