While in 2006 and 2007, the number of reported annual cases—fewer than 50—might have suggested that France was in the pre-elimination phase for measles, a significant resurgence of the disease has been observed since January 2008. Measles surveillance is based on mandatory reporting (MR). Clinically, epidemiologically, or biologically confirmed cases were included in the analysis, taking into account the dynamics of the epidemic in successive waves (October 2008–September 2009, October 2009–September 2010, October 2010–April 2011). Between January 2008 and April 2011, more than 18,000 cases were reported, including 1,776 during the first wave, 3,420 during the second, and 12,549 during the first seven months of the third. The highest incidence was among children under 1 year of age, with one case per 1,000 between October 2010 and April 2011. Data from the DO, which are not exhaustive, show a preliminary toll of the epidemic of nearly 4,000 hospitalizations, including 808 cases of pneumonia and 26 cases of encephalitis/myelitis, and a total of 10 deaths, 9 of which were in people under 30 years of age. The current epidemic wave involves a variant of genotype D4 (MVs/Montaigu.FRA/43.08). The current situation is the result of insufficient (<90% at 24 months for 1 dose) and heterogeneous vaccination coverage, which has led to the gradual formation of a significant reservoir of susceptible individuals. It underscores the urgency of catching up on vaccinations for children, adolescents, and young adults in order to achieve the levels of immunity necessary to stop the circulation of the virus and protect vulnerable populations who cannot receive this vaccination (children under one year of age, immunocompromised individuals, and pregnant women). (R.A.)