Between 2004 and 2009, 615 cases of typhoid fever, 178 cases of paratyphoid A, 82 cases of paratyphoid B, and 6 cases of paratyphoid C were reported in France. The annual incidence of reported cases in mainland France was 0.23 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. The sex ratio was 1.1. The average age of cases was 28 years. In 91% of cases, typhoid fever was acquired during a stay in an endemic area, primarily in Africa and the Indian subcontinent. This proportion was 88% for paratyphoid fevers. All strains of S. Typhi acquired in North Africa were susceptible to all antibiotics. This susceptibility was only 18% for Asian strains. Several clusters of cases were detected during these 6 years, thanks to investigations conducted by the regional offices of the Ministry of Health in collaboration with the InVS regional units, and to microbiological surveillance carried out with the National Reference Center for Salmonella. (R.A.)