Imported malaria cases observed in France are primarily caused by Plasmodium falciparum (Pf). This is the only species—which can be fatal—that poses problems related to resistance to antimalarial drugs. Malaria prevention requires, among other measures, the regular use of chemoprophylaxis tailored to the country being visited, based on the sensitivity of Plasmodium strains. The National Reference Center for Malaria Drug Susceptibility (CNRCP) monitors the susceptibility of Pf to antimalarial drugs in order to optimize prophylactic and therapeutic recommendations. (R.A.)