In February 2011, against a backdrop of very high incidence rates of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae) and the emergence of the first clusters of imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (IRAB), the Anti-Infective Committee (CAI) at the Fort-de-France University Hospital implemented new procedures for monitoring and controlling carbapenem prescriptions, the one-year results of which are presented here. A team from the CAI (comprising a pharmacist, a microbiologist, and an infectious disease specialist) analyzes each carbapenem prescription daily and contacts prescribers to validate the treatment, recommend discontinuation, or suggest de-escalation. Concurrently, the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics is analyzed quarterly across 12 target departments. Over the course of one year, 347 prescriptions were analyzed, leading to treatment de-escalation in 21.7% of cases, discontinuation in 12.7%, or treatment validation in 65.7%. A 48.2% reduction in carbapenem use (8.9 defined daily doses per 1,000 hospital days (DDD/1,000 HD) in 2011 vs. 17 DDD/1,000 HD in 2010) was observed, corresponding to savings of 119,222 euros. These results are encouraging. This monitoring system is intended to be expanded to the whole of Martinique and to other classes of broad-spectrum antibiotics. The Regional Health Agency’s prioritization of a regional plan to combat multidrug-resistant bacteria should make it possible to mobilize the necessary human and material resources. (R.A.)