The fight against antibiotic resistance is a major public health issue affecting countries around the world. One strategy for combating the spread of emerging highly resistant bacteria (EHRB) is to rapidly identify patients who are carriers (colonized and/or infected) in order to prevent transmission, particularly in hospital settings. Since its creation in 2012, the National Reference Center (NRC) for "Antibiotic Resistance" in Bicêtre has been receiving enterobacterial strains from across France for analysis of carbapenem resistance mechanisms. This article presents epidemiological data collected by the NRC between 2012 and 2020. Each year, the number of strains received by the NRC and the proportion of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) have continued to rise. According to CNR data, OXA-48-type carbapenemases currently account for 63.3% of CPEs circulating in France, followed by NDM-type enzymes (New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase, 20.1%). CPEs are primarily identified during screening for gastrointestinal carriage (70%), but cases of infection are not uncommon. The continued increase in the prevalence of metallo-β-lactamases is concerning because the new inhibitors (avibactam, relebactam, vaborbactam) currently on the market are not active against this class of carbapenemases. Finally, whole-genome sequencing of EPCs by the CNR has identified certain clones at higher risk of spread that may be responsible for hospital outbreaks. It is necessary to continue efforts toward the early detection of these BHRe in hospitals to control their spread both within the hospital setting and in the community.