Surveillance of Kidney, Bladder, and Acute Leukemia Cancers in Adults in the Bouches-du-Rhône Department (REVELA13). Spatial Analyses, 2013–2018
Since 2012, the REVELA13 Observatory has been recording new cases of colorectal cancer, bladder cancer, and acute leukemia in adults in the Bouches-du-Rhône department. The objective of this initiative is the regional monitoring of the incidence of targeted cancers and the detection of potential spatio-temporal clusters and/or areas of cancer concentration. Initial spatial analyses of the 2013–2016 data were published in 2019. This second report presents additional analyses conducted on two additional years of data. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) based on French population data were smoothed using a Bayesian spatial model and adjusted for factors known to influence the distribution of cancers in the population: social inequalities, access to care, population density, and a proxy for smoking (normalized municipal lung cancer mortality rate), a recognized risk factor for these cancers. The detection of case clusters was performed using global methods and a local cluster detection method (spatio-temporal aggregates). Where possible, analyses were conducted at two distinct geographic scales: the municipality and the IRIS (Islands of Information for Statistical Purposes). At the departmental level, the estimated incidence of bladder cancer was significantly higher than the national incidence for both sexes. Excess incidences of bladder cancer were observed among men and women in many municipalities. Among men, the risk of cancer was positively associated with population density and the smoking proxy. Two clusters were detected in the municipality: one was located in the southeastern part of the department, and the second covered the Marseille metropolitan area. At the Iris level, no association with the adjustment factors was observed. The IRIS areas with an excess incidence were concentrated in Marseille and the southeastern part of the department. At this level, the detection of clusters identified groupings of IRIS areas derived from the clusters observed at the municipal level but did not allow for the detection of other clusters within the department. Among women, no link was found between the risk of bladder cancer and the various adjustment factors. A significant excess incidence was observed in most districts of the city of Marseille and in one municipality located to the north. Cluster analysis also identified a cluster of municipalities with an excess risk in roughly the same area. The estimated departmental incidences of kidney cancer and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) did not differ from national incidences for both sexes during the study period. Incidence rates for kidney cancer were distributed heterogeneously across the department but without identifiable clusters of cases. No municipality showed an excess incidence of kidney cancer, and no clusters were detected in either men or women. Regarding AML, cases were distributed generally homogeneously across the territory; however, mapping of smoothed SIRs highlighted a district of Marseille with a significant excess incidence exclusively among men. No clusters were detected in the municipality for either sex. Given the large number of Iris areas with no observed cases, analyses at this scale could not be conducted for bladder cancer in women, kidney cancer, and LAM. The results confirm the existence of an excess incidence of bladder cancer at the departmental level, more pronounced in densely populated municipalities where high smoking rates were estimated. These results also suggest the existence of other explanatory factors common to these areas. The exposure of the affected populations to air pollution—a factor strongly suspected of being linked to this cancer in the literature—thus remains a hypothesis to be explored. The addition of two additional years of data has made it possible to identify areas of interest for kidney cancers and LAM.
Author(s): Mantey Karine, Lehot Laurent, Gaudart Jean, Pascal Laurence
Publishing year: 2024
Pages: 102 p.
Collection: Monitoring data
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