Key Points

Trends in Tuberculosis Incidence

• In 2023, the Pays de la Loire region recorded 247 cases of tuberculosis with a standardized incidence rate of 6.3 per 100,000 inhabitants, placing the region among those with moderate rates, following a decline in 2021 and a subsequent increase in 2023.

• At the subregional level, in 2023, the highest reported rates were observed in the departments of Loire-Atlantique (8.7 cases per 100,000 inhabitants), Mayenne (7.8 cases per 100,000), and Maine-et-Loire (5.6 cases per 100,000).

• Since 2017, reported cases of active tuberculosis have primarily involved highly vulnerable individuals who have recently arrived from areas or countries with high tuberculosis endemicity.

Main clinical characteristics and diagnostic context of tuberculosis

• In 2023, pulmonary tuberculosis remains the most common form in the Pays de la Loire region, but its proportion is decreasing slightly, while mixed and extrapulmonary forms are increasing, highlighting the need for heightened vigilance regarding these more complex clinical forms.

• In 2023, tuberculosis is primarily detected through spontaneous presentation for care among adults, while active screening predominates among children, with an increase in cases lacking diagnostic information.

• Collective housing facilities constitute the communities at highest risk and account for the vast majority of tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis infection cases diagnosed and treated in recent years.