The objective of this study was to describe the nutritional status and physical activity levels of the population residing on the island of Mayotte. Methods—A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2006 among 993 individuals. The sample was selected using a two-stage stratified sampling method. Sociodemographic data on the participants and household characteristics were collected via questionnaires. Anthropometric measurements (weight, height, waist and hip circumferences) and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (for individuals aged 15 years and older) were recorded. Physical activity among those aged 15 and older was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Results - Among children under five years of age, the prevalence of stunted growth (height-for-age) was 6.7%, and that of underweight (weight-for-height) was 8.1%. Among women, 28.1% were overweight (25.0 <= BMI < 30), 27.4% were obese (30.0 <= BMI), and 56.3% had low physical activity levels according to IPAQ criteria. Among men, 24.8% were overweight and 7.6% were obese. High blood pressure affected 15.6% of women and 18.8% of men. Discussion - The results of this survey suggest that Mayotte is currently undergoing a nutritional transition characterized by the coexistence of malnutrition among children and overweight and obesity among adults, particularly women. (R.A.)