Last described in 1902, yellow fever (YF) was considered to have been eradicated from French Guiana until 1998. No indigenous cases of YF have been reported in French Guiana since that date. It should be noted, however, that yellow fever viruses were circulating in the territory, at least until mandatory yellow fever vaccination began in 1967. Despite mandatory yellow fever vaccination, the threat of sporadic cases continued to exist. Indeed, this disease remains widespread throughout the Amazon basin, as evidenced by reported cases in Brazil and the recent outbreaks in Bolivia and Peru. In 1998, the first case of yellow fever in French Guiana since 1902 was identified. This clinical case is described and discussed in this article. (adapted from the text).