VigilanS is a post-discharge program designed to re-engage patients who have attempted suicide, with the goal of reducing repeat suicide attempts. Patients receive monitoring by a team of “vigilants” for a period of six months following a suicide attempt. The monitoring involves providing a resource card (with a 24/7 hotline number) and maintaining contact with patients (through phone calls and postcards). The monitoring varies depending on the characteristics of the individuals who have attempted suicide (whether they are repeat offenders or not). The Directorate General for Health commissioned Santé publique France to conduct an effectiveness evaluation of the program over the 2015–2017 period in the first six regions that piloted the program: Nord-Pas-de-Calais, Brittany, Upper and Lower Normandy, Languedoc-Roussillon, and Jura. The evaluation aimed to determine whether the VigilanS system significantly reduced the risk of repeat suicide attempts. VigilanS patients were linked in the National Health Data System (SNDS) databases and/or in the emergency department visit databases (Oscour) and followed over a twelve-month period. A group of 11,573 VigilanS patients was compared to a group of 11,573 control patients who were not exposed to the VigilanS system. To ensure comparability between the two groups, unexposed patients were randomly selected from the SNDS database and matched with VigilanS patients (1 exposed patient to 1 unexposed patient) based on a propensity score. A survival analysis was conducted using a Cox model with a random effect for the center and adjusting for sex, age, mode of the initial attempt, history of previous attempts at enrollment, year of enrollment, and the social deprivation index. The results show a 38% reduction in the risk of repeat suicide attempts (visits to the emergency department or hospitalization for a suicide attempt or death by suicide) within 12 months of their suicide attempt among VigilanS patients compared to the group of unexposed patients. A health economic evaluation comparing the funds invested in the VigilanS program to the costs of prevented suicide attempts and deaths was also conducted. It estimates that every €1 invested in the VigilanS program would save €2 in healthcare costs. The rollout of the VigilanS system is part of the national suicide prevention strategy. By 2023, 32 VigilanS centers will be established. They will cover all French regions, including overseas territories (the Indian Ocean, the Antilles, and French Guiana).