Introduction - Few data are available on regional disparities in asthma prevalence in France. Methods - The survey was conducted during the 2005–2006 school year among a randomly selected sample of more than 20,000 children in their final year of preschool. The cumulative prevalence of asthma and the prevalences of asthma-like symptoms and treatment for wheezing or asthma attacks in the past 12 months were estimated for France as a whole and for each region. Results - For France as a whole, the cumulative prevalence of asthma was 9.8% and the prevalence of wheezing in the past year was 10.7%. By region, there was an increasing gradient from east to west and high prevalences in the overseas departments. These regional variations persisted after adjusting for the child’s sex, family structure, and number of siblings. Among children who had experienced wheezing or received treatment in the past year, 42% had frequent or severe symptoms. Conclusion - There are significant regional variations in the prevalence of asthma among young children in France.