Introduction: Few data are available on trends in the prevalence of childhood asthma in France. Methods: Data from the national school health survey conducted in 2012–2013 among nearly 20,000 randomly selected kindergarten students were compared with data collected in 2005–2006 from the same grade level using the same methodology. Results: In 2012–2013, the lifetime prevalence of asthma was 11.0% and the prevalence of wheezing in the past 12 months was 11.8%. Asthma was more common and less well-controlled in families with low socioeconomic status. After adjusting for the children’s sex and body mass index, family structure, parental unemployment, and region, the prevalence ratios compared to the survey conducted in the same grade level in 2005–2006 were 1.13 [1.05–1.21] for lifetime asthma and 1.12 [1.05–1.17] for wheezing in the past year. Conclusion: In France, the prevalence of asthma among young children increased between 2005 and 2012. Parents’ socioeconomic characteristics influence both the prevalence and the control of the disease.